POCKET GUIDE TO GREAT BRITAIN - PRACTICAL ADVICE AND INFORMATION FOR EASIER INTEGRATION INTO BRITISH SOCIETY

 

This publication was published by Compas Charity, in cooperation with EPIC XXX and sponsored by Liverpool John Moores University. All information in this publication was drawn from publicly available sources and verified several times. The information is current as of July 2024. Compas Charity assumes no responsibility for the information provided and its use.

All rights are reserved. This publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced without the publisher's permission.

 

CONTENTS

Page 2  ........................................................  Information about Great Britain

Page 4  ........................................................  Employment

Page 6  ........................................................  Housing

Page 9  ........................................................  Welfare system / benefits

Page 14  …..…………………………………   Healthcare

Page 17  ......................................................  Education

Page 19  ......................................................  Police

Page 24  ......................................................  Driving in the UK

Page 27  ......................................................  Child protection

Page 30  ......................................................  Life in the UK

 

 

1. INFORMATION ABOUT GREAT BRITAIN

 

Geographical composition

Time zone

British Summer Time (BST) always starts on the last Sunday in March and lasts until the last Sunday in October. The time changes from 1:00 AM to 2:00 AM and is named UTC +1.

British Winter Time - Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) always starts on the last Sunday in October and lasts until the last Sunday in March. The time changes from 2:00 AM to 1:00 AM and is labeled UTC +0.

 

Population

There are approximately 67 million people living in Great Britain.

 

Currency

Pound (GBP)

 

Government and the political system

Constitutional monarchy, whose executive power is represented by the Prime Minister and the government cabinet.

The legislative power is a bicameral parliament (the elected lower house of parliament and the unelected House of Lords).

The head of state is after the death of Queen Elizabeth II. (September 2022) King Charles III, who is also the formal head of government and justice, head of the Church of England and commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the United Kingdom.

Parliamentary elections are held every 5 years, but may be more often. Only British citizens can vote in parliamentary elections.

The British constitution is an unwritten constitution.

 

Important days

1 January        New Year

1 March           Saint's Day of David (Wales)

17 March         Saint's Day Patrick (Ireland)

March              Mother's Day (Mothers Day, celebrated in GB on the fourth Sunday  of Lent, or  3 weeks before Easter Sunday)

Easter              Christian festival and cultural holiday (there are two bank holidays – Good Friday and Easter Monday

23 April            Day of St. George (England)

June                Father's Day (Fathers Day)

31 October      Halloween

13 November  Remembrance Sunday

30 November  Day of St. Andrew (Scotland)

25 December  Christmas Day

26 December  Boxing Day (time for visiting family and friends)

 

 

More information

Information about different sectors of life in GB, legislation ...……………. www.gov.uk

Information about the Royal Family .................................... ...................... www.royal.uk  

Information about Parliament and government …………….................…… www.parliament.uk

 

 

2. EMPLOYMENT

 

Finding employment

1) Internet - The largest database of vacancies can be found on the Directgov website, which includes the Jobcentre Plus (Employment Office) vacancies database, which is updated daily. You can find this database here: www.jobseekers.direct.gov.uk/homepage.aspx

2) Jobcentre Plus (Jobcentre Plus) – If you do not have access to the internet, you can also find the same database of job vacancies at every branch of the Jobcentre Plus (Jobcentre Plus), where there are free search information kiosks. The advantage is that you can print out the selected job for free, and if the information includes a phone number to call if you are interested in the job, you can call directly from the branch for free. At the branch, you also have the option to request a list of employment agencies in your city and a list of websites that focus on offering job vacancies.

3) Employment agencies (Recruitment agencies) – In every city, you will find several employment agencies. You can usually recognize them because they have job offers posted in the windows. Agencies may not charge any fee for registration, so it is a good idea to register with as many agencies as possible.

 

Employment contract

The employment contract must be issued by the employer if you have been employed for more than one month. You should receive it within 2 months of starting work at the latest.

The contract should contain the following information:

• Your name and employer's name
• Job title
• Date of commencement of work
• Place of work
• Working hours
• Amount of salary and how often you will receive it
• Vacation and sick pay
• Termination conditions

You should receive a pay slip with each paycheck, which must include information on gross and net wages and deductions from wages.

You should not be forced to work more than 48 hours a week. If you work more than 6 hours a day, you are entitled to a break of at least 20 minutes.

 

Paying taxes

The tax is paid on the following incomes:

• wages
• benefits
• Pension
• Savings
• Inheritance

 

If your employer paid more tax than necessary from your salary, you can apply for a tax refund. More information here https://www.gov.uk/claim-tax-refund/too-much-tax-taken-from-your-pay

If you decide to return to your home country, you should notify the tax authority (HMRC) of this fact and request a refund of the overpayment of taxes. More information here https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/income-tax-leaving-the-uk-getting-your-tax-right-p85

 

Self-employment

You can become self-employed by completing the form online at www.online.hmrc.gov.uk/shortforms/form/CWF1ST and registration is free. You will receive your reference number (UTR) by post from HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC). After receiving this number, you are registered as self-employed.

If you earn less than £12,570 a year, you do not have to pay National Insurance contributions, but you must apply for it by completing the Certificate of Small Earnings Exception form, which can be downloaded from the website: www.hmrc.gov.uk/forms/cf10.pdf

If you earn more than £12,570 a year, you are required to pay Class 2 National Insurance contributions, at £3.45 a week.

If you earn between £12,570 and £50,270 a year, you will have to pay 20% of your total income into National Insurance each year, 40% if you earn between £50,270 and £125,140 a year, or 45% if you earn more than £125,140 a year .

If you file your tax return online, this amount will be deducted automatically. If you file your tax return in writing (by 31 October), HMRC will calculate this levy for you.

If you file your tax return online, HMRC recommends that you always do so by 31 January, after the end of the tax period for which you are filing your return.

 

 

3. HOUSING

 

How to apply for a council house?

• Through your local council
• https://www.gov.uk/apply-for-council-housing
• You will need to join a waiting list; however, you won’t be guaranteed a property. You will need to ask the council how long you are likely to have to wait.
• You must be 18 or over but some councils will let you apply if you 16 or over.

 

Waiting lists

The council decides who gets offered a place based on a points or banding system. Points and bands are based on the housing needs.

If you are homeless, live in cramped conditions etc you are more likely to be offered a house first.

When you are high enough on the list, the council will contact you about available properties.

 

Lease / Tenancy agreement

A tenancy agreement is an integral part of a good relationship between a tenant and a landlord. The contract can be in written or oral form (but a written contract is recommended).

The most commonly used rental agreements include:

• Contract for a short period (called 'Assured shorthold tenants') - usually concluded for a period of 6 months. In the event that the owner of the house decides not to extend the contract after the expiry of the contract period, he must give you at least a 2-month notice period. If you do not move out after the deadline, the landlord must file an eviction petition with the court.
• A contract for a longer period of time - is usually concluded by state housing companies. This type of contract gives you more rights.

When signing the contract, check:

• Length and type of rental agreement: How long is the contract concluded for?, How long is the notice period?, Under what conditions can you be evicted?, Terms of contract termination?
• B) Restrictions: Can you have a pet in the apartment?, Can you have subtenants?, What happens if you break those restrictions?
• C) Rent, fees and deposit: When do you have to pay?, How much do you have to pay and how often?, Is there late payment interest?, How will you pay?, How often will the landlord raise the rent?, How much do you have to pay as a deposit and in what form will the owner of the house return it to you?, Whether you have to pay service charges

Home repairs

The homeowner is usually responsible for repairs related to the structure of the home. If you need something repaired, it is recommended that you write a letter to the homeowner with your request for repairs. If the owner of the house does not respond to your request, report the matter to the Council. If the landlord refuses to make repairs, you should continue to pay the rent, otherwise you will give the landlord an excuse and the right to evict you from the house.

If you have problems with the owner of the house, or if the condition of the house is in a bad condition and the owner refuses to do anything about it, you can contact the local Council.

 

Termination of contract / eviction

If the landlord informs you that he wants you to leave the house, they must proceed as follows:

1. They must give you written notice (usually two months' notice)
2. If the court issues an eviction order and you do not move out within the given time limit, the homeowner must apply for an eviction by bailiffs. If the Bailiffs come with a court order to evict you, they must evict you immediately. If they are prevented from doing so, they can use force or call the police.

 

If the owner does not follow the procedure described above, he is acting illegally. In this case, you can call the Council or the police. If you return home and the homeowner has changed the locks, you have the right to force your way into your home.

 

Renting houses to third parties

The term 'subtenancy' or subletting is used for situations where an existing tenant rents part or all of their home to another tenant. To rent a house to a third party, you need the permission of the owner of the house, without which the rental is illegal.

Tenants who rent a house that belongs to a housing authority (social housing) are committing a crime, for which they can be fined or imprisoned for two years.

 

Council Tax

It is used to fund local public services (education, police, libraries, roads and garbage).

The amount of tax depends on the size and value of the house you live in.

The tax can be paid all at once or in installments.

 

TV licence

It is the duty of everyone who has one or more television sets in their home to obtain a television license. You only need this license if you are watching or recording from TV channels.

If you just watch DVDs, videos, play games or watch streaming services such as Netflix, you don't need a TV licence. In this case complete the online declaration: https://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/nln/index.aspx

TV license inspectors regularly monitor unauthorised reception of TV channels.

 

Municipal waste / Rubbish collection

The removal of household waste is organised by the local Council in the given locality. In most localities, each household has two or more bins into which waste is sorted.

The green bin includes recyclable waste (paper, glass, etc.).

The black bin includes non-recyclable waste, which should be packed in black bags.

Sometimes brown bins are also available, which include garden waste.

If the bins are full or there is something in them that doesn't belong there, they won't empty your bin.

If you need to get rid of furniture or other larger items, you can either take it to a rubbish collection site yourself or you can contact your local authority to arrange for waste collection (usually for a nominal fee). Throwing away rubbish, household appliances, furniture and other items is against the law. Household waste must be sorted into bins, larger items must be taken to a landfill.

 

More information related to housing

Renting home - https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/wales/housing/renting-a-home/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. WELFARE SYSTEM / BENEFITS

 

In the UK there are many types of social benefits which are paid by HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) or the Department for work and pensions (DWP).

The applicant for benefits must meet the conditions set separately for each support. On the website: http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/MoneyTaxAndBenefits/index.htm it is possible to fill out a questionnaire, according to which you will find out what support you are entitled to and in what amount.

 

The most frequently requested social benefits include:

Child Benefit - is paid for each child up to 16 years of age (or up to 20 years if they are full time education). The amount of income does not matter for this allowance. To apply for this benefit, you need to complete an online form on gov.uk website or request a form by phone on 0300 200 3100.

Universal Credit - replaces and incorporates the following benefits and tax credits (Child Tax Credit, Working Tax Credit, Housing Benefit, Income Support, Jobseekers Allowance). You can find the Universal Credit application form online at https://www.gov.uk/universal-credit

 

Pension

Competent institution for confirmation of periods of pension insurance for persons under the age of 65, when the application for a British pension is not made at the same time:

 

International Group, International Pension Center (IPC), Tyneview Park, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE98 1BA, https://www.gov.uk/international-pension-centre, Telephone: +44 (0) 191 218 7777

 

Competent institution for confirmation of periods of pension insurance for persons over 65 years of age, when an application for a British pension is not being made at the same time:

International Caseworker – EU, National Insurance Contributions and Employers Office, HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC), BX9 1AN, https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/hm-revenue-customs

 

Disability (Children)

Disability Living Allowance for Children (under 16) for children may help with the extra costs of looking after a child who:

• is under 16
• has difficulties walking or needs much more looking after than a child of the same age who does not have a disability

They will need to meet all the eligibility requirements:

• be under 16
• need extra looking after or have walking difficulties
• be in England, Wales, a European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland when you claim
• have lived in Great Britain for at least 6 of the last 12 months, if over 3 years old
• be habitually resident in the UK, Ireland, Isle of Man or the Channel Islands
• not be subject to immigration control

 

If 35 hours or more a week are spent caring for the child who receives middle or higher rates, then the career maybe entitled to carer’s allowance.

To claim DLA for a child you need to be their parent or look after them as if you’re their parent. This includes step-parents, guardians, grandparents, foster-parents or older brothers or sisters.

If your child currently lives in England or Wales you can apply by either:

• printing off and filling in the DLA claim form (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/disability-living-allowance-for-children-claim-form)
• phoning the Disability Living Allowance helpline and asking for a printed form (Telephone: 0800 121 4600)

 

Disability (Adult) - Personal Independence Payment (PIP) - can help with extra living costs if you have both:

• a long-term physical or mental health condition or disability
• difficulty doing certain everyday tasks or getting around because of your condition

You can get PIP even if you’re working, have savings or are getting most other benefits.

There are 2 parts to PIP:

• a daily living part - if you need help with everyday tasks
• a mobility part - if you need help with getting around

 

Daily living part - You might get the daily living part of PIP if you need help with:

• eating, drinking or preparing food
• washing, bathing and using the toilet
• dressing and undressing
• reading and communicating
• managing your medicines or treatments
• making decisions about money
• socialising and being around other people

 

Mobility part - You might get the mobility part of PIP if you need help with:

• working out a route and following it
• physically moving around
• leaving your home

 

You do not have to have a physical disability to get the mobility part. You might also be eligible if you have difficulty getting around because of a cognitive or mental health condition, like anxiety.

 

Eligibility - You can get Personal Independence Payment (PIP) if all of the following apply to you:

• you’re 16 or over
• you have a long-term physical or mental health condition or disability
• you have difficulty doing certain everyday tasks or getting around
• you expect the difficulties to last for at least 12 months from when they started
• You must also be under state pension if you’ve not received PIP before
• If you are over state pension age you may be eligible for attendance allowance

 

Council Tax Disabled Band Reduction Scheme - You may be entitled to a reduction in your council tax bil if your home has certain features that are essential to you living there.

 

Blue Badge Scheme - A Blue Badge allows you to park closer to the amenities required.

• A Blue Badge costs up to £10 in England and £20 in Scotland. It’s free in Wales.
• They usually last up to 3 years.
• You must reapply for a Blue Badge before your current one expires.

 

Maternity Leave & Pay - There are two possible options available depending on your employment status – these are Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP) and Maternity Allowance.

 

Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP) is paid for up to 39 weeks. To qualify for SMP:

• You earn on average at least £123 a week
• You give the correct notice period and proof of your pregnancy
• You have worked for your employer continuously for at least 26 weeks continuing into the ‘qualifying week’ - the 15th week before the expected week of childbirth

How much is paid:

• 90% of your average weekly earnings (before tax) for the first 6 weeks
• £156.66 or 90% of your average weekly earnings (whichever is lower) for the next 33 weeks

 

Maternity Allowance is a payment you can get when you take time off to have a baby. You can get Maternity Allowance for up to 39 weeks. You could get it if you:

• are employed but cannot get Statutory Maternity Pay (SMP)
• are self-employed
• have recently stopped working
• take part in unpaid work for the business of your spouse or civil partner

You can claim maternity allowance as soon as you’ve been pregnant for 26 weeks. Payments can start up to 11 weeks before your baby is due.

You can get Maternity Allowance for 39 weeks if in the 66 weeks before your baby’s due, you’ve been:

• employed or registered as self-employed for at least 26 weeks
• earning (or classed as earning) £30 a week or more in at least 13 weeks - the weeks do not have to be together

You may still qualify if you’ve recently stopped working. It does not matter if you had different jobs or periods of unemployment.

You might get Maternity Allowance for up to 14 weeks if, for at least 26 weeks in the 66 weeks before your baby is due, you:

• have taken part in unpaid work for the business of your spouse or civil partner
• have not been employed or self-employed

 

In the same 26 weeks, your spouse or civil partner must:

• be registered as self-employed with HMRC
• pay Class 2 National Insurance contributions

 

Useful Links:

Habitual Residency Test - https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/benefits/claiming-benefits-if-youre-from-the-EU/before-you-apply/check-if-you-can-pass-the-habitual-residence-test-for-benefits/

Carer’s Allowance - https://www.gov.uk/carers-allowance

DLA Claims Form - https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/disability-living-allowance-for-children-claim-form

Attendance Allowance - https://www.gov.uk/attendance-allowance

Vehicle Tax Exception - https://www.gov.uk/financial-help-disabled/vehicles-and-transport

Motability - https://www.motability.co.uk

Disabled Persons Railcard - https://www.disabledpersons-railcard.co.uk

Disability Premium - https://www.gov.uk/disability-premiums

Disabled Facilities Grants - https://www.gov.uk/disabled-facilities-grants

Reduction in Council Tax - https://www.gov.uk/council-tax/discounts-for-disabled-people

Maternity Pay Calculator - https://www.gov.uk/maternity-paternity-pay-leave

Maternity MA1 Claim Form - https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/maternity-allowance-claim-form

Benefits Calculator - https://www.gov.uk/benefits-calculators

Employment Status - https://www.gov.uk/employment-status

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. HEALTH CARE

 

Health care is provided by the NHS (National Health Service) and is free.

You will receive medical care from a general practitioner, emergency room or hospital.

 

General practitioner (GP), dentist and eye care

You can find your local doctor's office at this address - http://www.nhs.uk/servicedirectories/Pages/ServiceSearch.aspx

To register with a doctor (GP), visit this website for more information: https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/gps/how-to-register-with-a-gp-surgery/

If you need a dentist or eye specialist, visit the NHS website (http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/AboutNHSservices/dentists/Pages/find-an-NHS-dentist.aspx)  for more details.

 

Emergency (A&E)

If you need immediate medical help and you are not registered with a doctor or have not made an appointment, or if your doctor's office is closed, you can go to the emergency room (Walk-in center) where you will be treated while you wait. You can find the nearest walk-in center at the following internet address:

http://www.nhs.uk/servicedirectories/Pages/ServiceSearchAdditional.aspx

Another option is to call NHS Direct. You can access this service online (https://111.nhs.uk/), on the phone (calling 111) or via NHS app on your mobile phone.

They might be able to give an advice, contact details for emergency dentist, instruct you to call 999 or to prescribe you with emergency medicine.

 

Hospital

In urgent cases, you can visit your local hospital where the ambulance is marked 'A&E'.

 

Prescription medication

You won’t have to pay for medicines if:

• You are under 16 years old
• You are under 19 years old and studying
• You are over 60 years old
• You are pregnant or have had a baby in the last 12 months. You must prove yourself with a valid maternity exemption certificate (maternity exemption certificate Mat Ex)
• You are hospitalized
• You receive universal credit or other qualifying benefits

Vaccination

Vaccination is not compulsory in the UK, it is only recommended.

It is important that vaccines are given on time to ensure the best protection. If you or your child have forgotten a vaccine, contact your GP.

Vaccination for children under one year of age:

• 6 in 1 vaccine - The vaccine helps protect against serious diseases such as polio and whooping cough. It is given to children aged 8, 12 and 16 weeks. The 6 in 1 vaccine protects children against these 6 serious diseases: Diphtheria, Jaundice type B, Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b), Polio, Tetanus, Whooping cough
• Vaccination against rotavirus infections - The vaccine helps protect against rotavirus, a common cause of diarrhea and vomiting. It is given to children aged 8 and 12 weeks.
• Vaccination against Meningococcus (MenB vaccine) - The vaccine helps protect against group B meningococcal bacteria, which can cause serious illness, including meningitis and sepsis. It is given to children aged 8 weeks, 16 weeks and 1 year.
• Vaccination against Pneumococcus - The vaccine helps protect against serious diseases such as pneumonia and meningitis. It is recommended for people at higher risk of these diseases, such as infants and adults age 65 and older. It is given to children between the ages of 12 weeks and 1 year.

 

Vaccinations for children from 1 to 15 years of age:

• Hib/MenC vaccine - The vaccine is given to children as young as 1 year of age to protect against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and meningitis C.
• MMR vaccine - The vaccine provides long-term protection against measles, mumps and rubella. It is given to children aged 1 year and 3 years and 4 months.
• Children aged 6 to 12 months can get a dose of the MMR vaccine if they need it for protection if: they travel abroad to an area with a lot of measles, they were near someone with measles, there was an outbreak of measles
• Children's flu vaccine - Children's flu vaccine helps protect against the flu. It is offered to children between the ages of 2 and 3, school children up to the 11th grade and children with certain long-term medical conditions.
• Revaccination at preschool age (Preschool booster vaccine 4 in 1) - Revaccination helps protect against serious diseases such as diphtheria, polio, tetanus and whooping cough. It is given to children aged 3 years, 4 months before starting school.
• HPV vaccine - The vaccine helps protect against human papillomavirus (HPV). It is recommended for children aged 12 to 13 and people with a higher risk of HPV.
• Revaccination with Td/IPV vaccine - Td/IPV vaccine (also called 3 in 1 teenage booster) helps protect against tetanus, diphtheria and polio. It is recommended for children in the 9th grade of school and persons with a higher risk of these diseases.
• MenACWY vaccine - The vaccine helps protect against life-threatening diseases such as meningitis and sepsis. It is offered to teenagers at school but can be given up to the age of 25 if it has been missed.

 

 

Vaccination for adults

• Flu vaccine - The vaccine helps protect against the flu, which can be a serious or life-threatening illness. It is offered by the NHS every year in autumn or early winter to people at higher risk of getting seriously ill with flu.
• Vaccination against Pneumococcus - The vaccine helps protect against serious diseases such as pneumonia and meningitis. It is recommended for people at higher risk of these diseases, such as infants and adults age 65 and older. It is given to children at the age of 65.
• Shingles vaccine - The vaccine helps protect against shingles. It is recommended for all adults aged 65, 70 to 79 and aged 50 and over with a severely weakened immune system.
• Vaccination during pregnancy - Pregnant women are recommended to be vaccinated against influenza at the beginning of pregnancy (can be given throughout pregnancy) and whooping cough between 16 and 32 weeks of pregnancy.

 

Maternity

The NHS wants everyone who uses maternity services to receive safe care.  This means that care is focused on the unique needs and circumstances of each individual using maternity services and their baby. More information can be found at https://www.england.nhs.uk/mat-transformation/

 

Personalised care means people have choice and control over how their care is planned and received, based on what matters to them and their individual needs and preferences.

Personalised care and support planning is a process to identify what is important to each person using maternity services and ensure their care reflects this. They will consider and discuss their life, family situation, health and wellbeing and preferences with their midwife or obstetrician so that their care reflects their needs and wishes. More information can be found in the video at https://youtu.be/jlbJyMIqitA?si=P-u_xpUPVv_ZYolR

 

Mental health

Mental health encompasses our emotional, psychological and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel and act. It also helps determine how we manage stress, how we relate to others and how to make healthy decisions.

 

How to take care of your mental health? Here are some tips:

• Exercise regularly. Just 30 minutes of walking each day can improve your mood and improve your health.
• Eat healthy, eat regularly and stay hydrated.
• Make sleep a priority.
• Try a relaxing activity.
• Set goals and priorities.
• Focus on positive thinking.

 

 

6. EDUCATION

 

The education system in Great Britain is divided into the following categories:

• Nursery (Nursery) – for children aged from 6 weeks to 4 years.
• Primary – is compulsory for children in the UK and starts at the age 4 to 11 (compulsory school attendance starts at the age of 5), except in Northern Ireland where it starts at the age of four.
• Secondary – is also compulsory, for pupils aged 11 to 16
• Further education - is optional and includes post-secondary education such as higher education or vocational education.
• Higher education - includes universities and other institutions that offer undergraduate courses.

 

Nursery

Children from 9 months are entitled to 15 hours a week for free. (Effective from September 2024).

Children aged 2 and over are entitled to 15 hours a week for free if both parents work.

Children aged 3 and over are entitled to 15 hours a week for free, and if both parents work, they are entitled to 30 hours a week for free.

 

Secondary school

Pupils take their GCSEs at the age of 16 and can then leave school. However, many pupils stay at school for another two years to take their A-level exam (the equivalent of the leaving examination).

In Great Britain, inclusive education applies to all - pupils are provided with equal conditions for studying. Schools always strive to ensure that students with special needs are fully or partially included in the mainstream education.

 

Attendance

It is the responsibility of parents to make sure that children go to school on time and regularly. If the pupil's attendance falls below 95% (i.e if your child misses more than 10 days a year), the authorities will initiate criminal proceedings against both parents and they may be fined and/or imprisoned.

If your child is ill, you must call the school in the morning and report the absence.

Children under the age of 14 must not be left without adult supervision.

 

 

 

Adult education

The primary purpose of adult education is to equip learners aged 19 and over with the skills they need to progress into or within work or to take up an apprenticeship or other learning opportunity.

Adults have the opportunity to take advantage of a number of free online courses in the UK.

 

ESOL course (English for Speakers of Other Languages)

The course is delivered through two two-hour sessions per week and typically lasts 15 weeks. ESOL courses are free for students who are unemployed and receiving Universal Credit.

 

Apprenticeship

An apprenticeship is a real job that combines work with training and study. You will earn a wage, gain skills and have the opportunity to put what you learn into practice.

 

University

In the past, we were told that we could only go to university if we had a certain number of qualifications and university credits, if we were of a certain age or if we had enough money. But times have changed. These days, you can study college or a college degree at any age. It doesn't matter how many qualifications you have or don't have. It also doesn't matter how much money you have, as there are affordable universities and options for everyone, such as a student loan (Student finance).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. POLICE

 

Structural division of the police

The police in Great Britain is divided into 43 independent police forces.

There are three main types of police officers you may encounter:

• Police Constable (PC) - Police officers can work in uniform or in civilian clothes. If they work in civilian clothes, they must be able to prove themselves with a police identification (warrant card).
• Police Community Support Officer (PCSO) - Community Support Officers are part of the police force and often work alongside police officers. Their main job is contact with communities and crime prevention.
• Police Volunteer (Special Constable, SC) - A police volunteer has exactly the same powers as a police officer, but performs the service for free. This option is mostly used by people who want to participate in creating a safe society and at the same time gain valuable experience. A police volunteer must work at least 16 hours a month. More information in section 10.

 

Police and Crime Commissioner

In 2012, the new role of Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC) was created. Each police force in England and Wales has its own publicly-elected Commissioner who oversees the effective working of the police in their region. Commissioners have full control over the budget allocated to each police force from the government budget.

 

Criminal liability

Criminal responsibility in England and Wales begins as early as ten years. In practice, this means that even children from the age of 10 can be arrested and sued. Criminal responsibility in Scotland is from the age of eight, but they can be sued from the age of 12.

 

Contact with the police                                             

101                  Contact for local police force

999 or 112       Emergency line (police, ambulance & fire brigade)

0800555111    Crimestoppers (anonymous reporting of crime)

Police station most police stations have a place where you can report crimes or traffic accidents (during office hours).

 

Stop and search power

You can be stopped by:

• Community police officer - must be in uniform
• Police officer - they don't have to be in uniform, but they have to show you a police ID

 

A community officer or police officer may ask you to explain:

• What do you do
• Why you are in the area
• What you have with you

 

Only a police officer can search you (and everything on you). You can only be searched if the police officer has good reason to believe that you have:

• drugs, weapons or stolen items
• things that could be used
• to commit criminal activity
• to carry out a terrorist act
• to damage property

 

Before the police search you, police must inform you:

• that you are detained for a search
• according to which regulation they search you
• your rights
• the name of the searching police officer
• the name of the station from which they work
• why they chose you to search
• what they are looking for
• that you are entitled to the immediate issuance of a personal inspection certificate

 

Arrest

When making an arrest, the police officer is required to tell you:

• what crime (or suspected crime) you are arrested for
• police notice (your rights)
• reason for arrest
• If you are arrested, you have the right to free legal aid and an interpreter.

 

Hate crime

In the English legal system, hate crime is any act which is committed against a person or property because of:

• racial intolerance
• skin color
• religion
• gender
• disabilities
• sexual orientation
• nationality

 

You can report hate crime to the police or anonymously on this website: http://report-it.org.uk/home

 

Domestic violence

It includes any form of physical, sexual or psychological abuse between those who are or have been family members or intimate partners.  Domestic violence includes threatening, violent or abusive behaviour.

 

In 2015, a new law was published (Serious Crime Act 2015), which introduced the new crime of 'Controlling and Coercive Behaviour'. The actual essence of this crime consists in the targeted and long-term use of coercion and control over another person.

 

Domestic violence is treated as a serious crime and in most cases the perpetrators are arrested and charged.

Victims of domestic violence can apply for a free restraining order to prevent the abuser from approaching or contacting the victim. More information can be found here: www.ncdv.org.uk.

 

Human trafficking

Human trafficking (also known as modern day slavery or exploitation) is a current issue that not only the police but also charities, non-profits, government and many other organizations are dealing with. In the English language, you will most often come across the terms 'Trafficking in Human Beings', 'Modern Slavery' or 'Exploitation'. Human trafficking includes the following types of criminal activities:

• Prostitution
• Forced labor
• Sexual exploitation of children
• Forced / fraudulent marriages
• Domestic slavery
• Exploitation for welfare purposes
• Cultivation of marijuana
• The definition of trading consists of three elements:

 

Act - recruiting, transporting, transporting, harboring or receiving persons

Means - threat or use of force, coercion, kidnapping, fraud, deception, abuse of power or vulnerability, giving or receiving payment

Purpose of exploitation: prostitution, forced labor, etc.

 

Victims of this crime are included in the NRM (National Referral Mechanism) program, in which they are provided with safe accommodation, psychological assistance, material assistance, medical care, counselling, assistance in criminal proceedings and access to the labor market.

 

There are a number of indicators that you can see / record that could lead to the release of the victims. The most common signs are:

• The victim's documents are held by someone else
• The victim must not change jobs or accommodation
• The victim's wages are paid to someone else
• The victim does not have access to his bank card
• Overcrowded house
• The victim must sign documents without knowing what he is signing
• A child or young person receives expensive gifts from strangers

 

You can report any of these indicators to the police (see section Contact the police), or anonymously www.stopthetraffik.org/report-incident

 

Antisocial behavior

Anti-social behavior includes a range of unacceptable activities that disturb people's lives. Under current legislation, antisocial behavior is defined as behavior by a person that causes or is likely to cause annoyance, anxiety or distress to one or more people who do not live in the same household.

 

The category of antisocial behavior includes, for example:

• Disturbing the peace with a car (improper use of the horn at night, loud music, etc.)
• Throwing garbage on the ground
• Annoying phone calls
• Begging
• Fireworks
• Graffiti
• Rude behavior in public
• Vandalism
• Guns

Possession of the following items is illegal: gas spray, boxer briefs, gas and firearms.

Carrying knives and other objects that are intended or adapted to cause bodily harm is prohibited in public places. Only knives with retractable blades and shorter than 7.62cm are allowed.

 

Reporting lost or stolen documents

In case of loss or theft of your documents, contact the police immediately (see Contact the police section). Next, you should contact your embassy and report the loss.

 

Complaints

If you are not satisfied with any action taken by the police, you can file a complaint. You can do this in several ways:

• Direct contact with the police - you can report a complaint by calling 101 or directly at the police station. Complaints will then be forwarded to senior staff who will either resolve your complaint themselves or forward it to the police inspectorate.
• Independent Office for Police Conduct. More information about the Office can be found at https://www.policeconduct.gov.uk/complaints/submit-a-complaint.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8. DRIVING IN THE UK

 

In Great Britain, unlike in majority of EU countries, you must drive on the left side of the road.

You must give a way from the right at roundabouts.

Only use shoulders on motorways in an emergency. Turn on the hazard lights. You can call for help from the emergency telephones, which are located on the verges, every 1500 meters.

The maximum number of penalty points is 12. If you receive more than 12 points, your driving license will be revoked for at least 12 months.

 

Documents required for driving a motor vehicle

• Insurance (Certificate of motor insurance) – In the UK, insurance is specific to a person, not to a vehicle.
• Technical certificate (MOT) – only for vehicles older than three years
• Road Tax – Can be purchased online at gov.uk/vehicle-tax. Insurance, technical certificate and registration document are required to get road tax.
• Registration document (issued by the DVLA, in which the change of car owner must be reported.

You do not need to carry documents with you. The police can find out all the data about the vehicle and the driver through the police system. If the given information is not in the system and you do not have it with you at that moment, you can bring the requested documents to the police station within 7 days.

 

Driving licence

If you decide to exchange your EU driver's license for an English one, you must fill out the D1 form, which you can pick up at the post office. You will need to send the appropriate fee and your EU ID with the form, which will be sent back to the place of issue.

 

Privisional Driving Licence

• You must be over 17 years old
• You can only drive a car or motorbike up to 125cc
• The car you drive must be insured, have road tax and must be marked with an L sign
• You must not drive on highways
• You must be accompanied by someone who is over 21 years old, has held a full driving license for over 3 years and must be able to drive.

 

Seat belts

The driver and all passengers must wear a seat belt. Children under the age of 12 or under 135 cm must have a child seat.

 

Permitted speed limits

Lighting

In the UK it is not compulsory to keep the lights on all day.

 

Traffic accidents

Drivers involved in traffic accidents are obliged by law to stop immediately, regardless of the seriousness of the traffic accident. Stop, turn on hazard lights and proceed as follows:

• If anyone involved in a traffic accident is injured, call 999 or 101 and ask for the police and an ambulance. If possible, give first aid to the injured person.
• If no one is injured, exchange the following information with the other driver: your name, car license plate number, car insurance number, insurance company name, date and time of the accident, or your phone number.
• Then report the accident to your insurance company.

 

If you break into a parked car and cannot find the owner, you must report the accident to the police within 24 hours.

 

Driving vehicles with foreign license plates

Tourists who do not intend to settle permanently in Great Britain can drive their vehicle for six months (in a 12-month cycle) without having to register the vehicle in the English system.

If you live in the UK and have a foreign vehicle, you must register it with the DVLA.

You can contact the DVLA at: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/driver-and-vehicle-licensing-agency

 

Drink driving

The legal blood alcohol limit is 80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood (or 35 milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of breath). However, if you have consumed alcohol, it is safer not to get into the car as you cannot be sure if you are under the legal limit.

The police, in the event of a check, will use a so-called "breathalyser" with which they will check the amount of alcohol in your system. If this test shows that the level of alcohol is higher than 35ug then you will be taken to the police station where you will undergo another breathalyzer test. If the result of this second test is above 40%, you have the right to request a blood or urine test. However, the choice of test remains with the police officer! If these tests also show a value higher than the legal limit, you will be charged with driving while intoxicated.

 

If you are caught and convicted of drunk driving, you risk:

• driving ban for a minimum period of 12 months
• imprisonment for up to 6 months
• a fine of up to £5000
• loss of employment
• higher car insurance fees

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9. CHILD CARE AND PROTECTION

 

All organizations that work with or come into contact with children have a duty to protect children from harm (whether physical or mental).

 

Childcare

Is it legal to leave a child home alone? - The law does not say the age when you can leave a child alone, but it is a crime to leave a child alone if it endangers him.

Every child matures differently, so it would be almost impossible to have a universal law.

Use your judgment about how mature your child is before you decide to leave him alone, for example at home or in the car.

A child who is not old enough or unwell should never be left home alone. If this is the case for you, it's best to look into childcare options that might work for your family.

Parents can be prosecuted if they leave a child unattended "in a manner likely to cause unnecessary suffering or harm to health".

More information can be found at https://www.gov.uk/law-on-leaving-your-child-home-alone

 

Foster care

Fostering is providing care for a local child or young person in your family home during periods when they cannot live with their own family. There are many types of foster care. The application process is the same for all types.

• Long-term - You care for children who cannot return to their original family but do not want to be adopted. You will usually be their foster parents until they are adults.
• Short Term - You look after the children for a few weeks or months while plans are made for their future.
• Family and friends or relatives - You are caring for a child you know or who is part of your family - for example your grandchild.
• Emergency - You give the child somewhere safe to stay for a few nights. This is usually unplanned and you may get less than 24 hours notice.
• Respite and Short Breaks - You look after children who have disabilities, special educational needs or behavioral problems while their parents or regular carers take a break.
• Remand custody - You look after young people who have been remanded in custody by the court. You will usually need professional training to become a foster carer.
• Fostering for adoption - You care for infants or small children that you can adopt. If you are in foster care for the purpose of adoption, you will be entitled to adoption allowance and holiday from the moment the child moves in with you. In order to foster for adoption, you must be approved as an adopter by your local authority or agency.
• Specialised therapeutic - You provide specialized therapeutic care to children and young people with complex needs or challenging behaviour. This is for experienced foster parents or those who have some skills.

Adoption

In order for a child to be adopted, they must:

• be under 18 years of age at the time of submitting the application for adoption
• must not be married or in a registered partnership

 

Both biological parents must normally agree to the adoption, unless:

• cannot be found
• are unable to give consent, for example due to mental disability
• the child would be at risk if not adopted

 

Who can adopt a child:

You can adopt a child if you are 21 years of age or older (there is no upper age limit) and you are either:

• single
• in marriage
• in a registered partnership
• unmarried couple (persons of the same and opposite sex)
• the partner of the child's parent

 

Different rules apply to private adoptions and foster care adoptions.

You don't need to be a British citizen to adopt a child, but:

• you (or your partner if you are a couple) must have a fixed and permanent home in the UK
• you (and your partner if you are a couple) must have lived in the UK for at least 1 year before starting the application process

 

Child Maintenance

Child maintenance covers how your child’s living costs will be paid for when one of the parents does not live with the child. This is made you are separated from the other parent or if you have never been in a relationship.

Child maintenance is a financial arrangement between you and the other parent of the child.

A child maintenance agreement must be made if the child is under 16 years of age or under 20 years of age if they are still in full-time education.

Both parents are responsible for the costs of raising their children, even if they do not see them.

How can you arrange for child maintenance?

• This can be arranged privately between both parents if they both agree
• Through the child maintenance service which offers support on the following:
  • Work out an amount to pay
  • Arranging payments and taking action if a parent does not pay
  • Sort out disagreements about parentage
  • Try to find the other parent if you do not know where they are
  • If you do not want your child’s other parent to know your location or personal information - for example, if you’ve experienced domestic abuse or controlling behaviour.

 

Child sexual exploitation (CSE) - is currently a hot topic in the UK. CSE is a type of sexual abuse that involves the organized and deliberate exploitation of children for sexual gratification.

Signs of sexual exploitation:

• Unexpected gifts or money
• Clandestine use of mobile
• Hanging out with older friends
• Sexual intercourse is legal from the age of 16.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10. LIFE IN THE UK

 

EU Settlement Scheme

EU citizens living in the UK before December 2020 must apply for settled status under the so-called EU Settlement Scheme, to be able to access employment, health care, education and welfare system.

There are two types within the Scheme – Pre-settled Status and Settled status.

 

Settled Status is for EU nationals that have lived continuously in the UK for 5 years (so-called continuous residence). The status allows EU nationals to stay in the UK indefinitly and to apply for British citizenship.

 

Pre-settled status is for EU nationals that had not lived in the UK continuously for 5 years at the time of registration. After 5 years of continuous residence, applicants can apply for the settled status.

 

Application for EU Settlement status

Install the free EU Exit: ID Document Check application on your phone or tablet, which you can find in the App store if you use iOs (iPhone or iPad) or in Google play if you use an Android device. Your device must have a working camera.

The application verifies the validity of the document and whether the document belongs to you. The best identification document is a biometric passport, but you can also use an ID card.

Once the ID check is complete, the remainder of the application is completed on the GOV.UK website.  The application redirects you to the page using the GOV.UK link, where you answer questions about length of stay in the UK, place of residence, etc.

After you have completed the application, you will first receive a confirmation by e-mail that you have sent the application correctly (Application submitted) and then you will receive a second e-mail confirming that your application has been accepted (Your EU Settlement Application Certificate). You will also find your 16 digit reference number in this email.

You will receive a status confirmation by email. Attached will be a Status Outcome document that serves as confirmation of your status.

You can print your photo status by clicking on this link (https://www.gov.uk/view-prove-immigration-status), enter your document number (passport or OP), date of birth and the code you receive by phone or e-mail.

For information on how to apply in your language, see this link: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/settled-status-for-eu-citizens-and-their-familiestranslations

 

Making an application under the EU Settlement Scheme after 30 June 2021

The deadline for most applications to the EUSS was 30 June 2021. However, the Home Office has made it clear that some applications will continue to be accepted. In summary, there are two main scenarios where you can, and indeed should, apply.

 

1. You were an EU citizen living in the UK on or before 31 December 2020, and had reasonable grounds to apply late after the deadline of 30 June 2021. This includes situations where you:
   1. had a serious medical condition, and you were unable to apply;
   2. were a victim of modern slavery or in an abusive relationship;
   3. were isolated, vulnerable or did not have the digital skills to access the application;
   4. were a child, and your parents forgot to apply on your behalf; or
   5. had other compelling practical or compassionate reasons, including in light of the coronavirus pandemic.

 

2. You are the eligible family member of an EU citizen, who was living in the UK on or before 31 December 2020. Eligible family members include:
   1. spouses;
   2. civil partners;
   3. unmarried ‘durable’ partners;
   4. children and grandchildren;
   5. dependent parents and grandparents; and
   6. dependent relatives (this includes children and grandchildren over the age of 21).

 

It’s important to understand how the Home Office views eligible family relationships under the EUSS. Family relationships between the EU citizen and their family member generally need to have begun by 31 December 2020. “Durable” partners usually refers to unmarried relationships who had been in a relationship for at least two years before 31 December 2020. To apply as a “dependent” family member of an EU citizen you’ll generally need to show that you cannot meet your essential living needs without the support of the EU citizen or the EU citizen’s spouse or civil partner. In other words, simply having some family in the UK won’t be enough.

 

If your application for EUSS is unsucessful and gets rejected by the Home Office, you can challenge their decision. Very often, the rejection is based on insufficient evidence of residence in the UK or on supplying evidence after deadline. In that case you can apply for judicial review. We would recommend contacting OISC-qualiffied  immigration solicitor.

 

National insurance number (NIN)

After obtaining your status (pre-settled or settled status) or other form of leave (visa etc), you can apply for a National Insurance number, or NIN.

You can get this by calling Jobcentre Plus on 08456000643 (Mon-Fri 8am-6pm) and make an appointment in person. The appointment date will be sent to your home. More information can be found here - www.gov.uk/apply-national-insurance-number

 

Applying for British Citizenship (Naturalization)

British citizenship by naturalization can be applied for in three ways:

• Individual application (Individual application)
• With the help of NSC (National Checking Service) - This service is offered by some municipal authorities. At the office, they will help you fill out the application and check that you have everything you need in order. They then send the application to UK Visas and Immigration. You can find out whether your local authority offers this service on this page (https://www.gov.uk/british-citizenship). Expect to pay for this service.
• Through an agent or representative - Another option for applying for British citizenship is to find an agent or representative who can advise you and help you get everything done. If you go this route, choose wisely and make sure the person is registered with the Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner (OISC)

 

In order to successfully process your application, you will need to meet the following conditions:

• You must have no serious criminal record
• You must meet the condition of permanent residence in the UK
• you must have lived in the UK for at least 5 years before applying (or 3 years if your partner is a British citizen)
• in these 5 years (or 3 years) you must not have spent more than 450 days (or 270) outside the UK and in the last 12 months you could not have been outside the UK for a maximum of 90 days - be prepared to enter the dates of all of "trips" outside the UK in the last 5 years (or 3 years)

 

Good neighborly relations

Good neighborly relations are a very important aspect for a happy life in your neighborhood.

Here are some rules of good neighborliness:

• Noise should not bother your neighbors throughout the day, especially after 11:00 p.m.
• If you are planning a big celebration or work in the house (cutting, drilling, etc.), let your neighbors know in time.
• Make sure your pets don't bother your neighbors (pooping in their gardens, excessive barking).

Fishing

To fish, you need a valid license - called a Rod Fishing Licence. Fishing is prohibited in most places between March 15 and June 15. You can purchase a license online - www.postoffice.co.uk/Rod-Licence

 

Elections

Details of elections, registration and changes to personal information on ballot papers can be found at https://www.gov.uk/register-to-vote

 

Voluntary activities

There are many ways to get involved in community activities in your city. This way you will make new friends and contacts, learn new things, get a useful reference for your CV and find new hobbies. Here are some examples of how to use your free time:

1. Police volunteer

The position of Police Volunteer (Special Constable, or just SC) is an ideal option for those who want to enrich their CV or are thinking about a career as a Police Officer.

A police volunteer has exactly the same powers and equipment as a regular police officer. Volunteers usually work alongside regular police officers and participate in crime investigations, patrolling, arrests, etc.

Volunteers do not receive any salary for their work, but are entitled to reimbursement of expenses (travel and food).

To become an SC, you must meet the following requirements:

• 18 and over
• clean criminal record
• live in Great Britain for more than 2 years

 

The selection process consists of:

• Application: you can download the application on the website of the police department in your city. An important part of the application is the section in which you have to describe situations in which you were able to solve complex problems, calm a situation or work with a group of people.
• Exam: consists of a Situational Judgment test, an interview and a written test.
• If you are successful, you will have to pass a medical exam, an eye test and a vetting.
• After successful completion of all exams, you will be invited to a training session that lasts around 30 weeks (mostly Saturdays and/or Sundays).

More information on SC work - www.policespecials.com/recruit.html#fitness or www.policecouldyou.co.uk/special-constables/ and also a video on the physical exam - www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA1Qqvj7CBE

2. Community organisations

            There three main types of community organisations:

• Constituted group - This structure is ideal for small groups with a membership, short-term goals, low incomes, and which do not intend to employ staff or acquire property. Unincorporated Associations are quick and cheap to set up. Unless a group is applying for charitable status, no other agency need be involved.
• Community Interest Company (C.I.C.) - If your start-up is on a mission to benefit the local community or deliver solutions to improve quality of life or tackle environmental issues, a community interest company might be the right option.

A CIC is a limited company with special additional features, created for organisations that want to conduct a business for community benefits and not simply for private gain. The company will still look to make a profit but is done with the profit is different, it is put back into the community/project.

When applying to form a CIC, form CIC36 should be submitted to the CIC Regulator alongside the appropriate Companies House forms, memorandum of association, articles of association and payment.

• CIO / Charity - The main benefits of this type are that the charity has legal personality, and its members have limited liability (their liability in the event the charity becomes insolvent is limited or nil).

A Charitable Incorporated Organisation (CIO), is a new type of legal format for a registered charity.